Moisture Meters for Wood

Home Inspectors, Pest Control Operators and EIFS inspectors know that Moisture intrusion is the single most important factor affecting the integrity of building structures. Delmhorst Instrument Company offers Moisture Meter packages specifically manufactured to meet the needs of inspectors. Proper use of a Moisture Meter allows the inspector to easily identify the source of Moisture and to locate areas in the building that have been affected by moisture.

There are two types of Moisture Meters typically used by the home inspector. Pin-type Meters, which utilize the principle of electrical resistance, use wood or other hygroscopic materials as an element in a circuit by driving two pins or electrodes into it.

Pinless Meters use radio frequency signals to penetrate the material being tested. There is no pin intrusion into the surface of the material you are checking.

Yes -- a few Meter readings in key locations of the structure will quickly indicate if the areas are safe or in danger of infestation. We recommend using pin-type Meters for pest control applications as the best way to identify the exact point of infestation behind walls and ceilings. The key to finding hidden Moisture is to use an electrode with insulated contact pins. These pins read only at their un-insulated pin tips, allowing the contractor to drive the pins into material at different depths, noting readings at each level of penetration.

A pinless Meter is a good way to identify infested areas, as long as you do not have to penetrate into a hidden material.

Wood technologists and pest control experts agree that most fungi need at least 20% MC. Readings higher then 20% is susceptible to mold growth and decay. Readings in the 17%-20% are borderline and normally require further testing. On the other hand infestation can occur at much lower levels, especially in humid conditions. Old House Borer and Powderpost Beetles can attack wood that falls in the 12-13% range.

To quickly identify wet areas, a pinless Meter is easy to use. Pinless Meters offer the convenience of testing a large area quickly, and help you determine if further testing is required in certain spots.

Pinless Meters read Moisture closest to the source of the magnetic field, in this case, at the surface. Most pin-less Meters read at a depth from 1/2" to 1". Moisture that resides in the substrate or insulation may go undetected without using a deep penetrating electrode. It is also important to remember that any metal or other conductive material behind the EIFS may give false readings.

A pin type Meter, on the other hand, is the best way to identify the exact location of Moisture in the substrate and framing. A pin-type uses two pins that penetrate into the building at the users desired depth. When insulated contact pins are used, only the uncoated tips are exposed to the wood fiber, providing an accurate reading of Moisture content at various levels of penetration. Pin-type Meters are the only instruments that allow the inspector to identify exact location of Moisture at a given point.

Many EIFS inspectors use both types of Meters. They can quickly identify problem areas using a pin-less Meter, and also use a pin-type Meter to identify exact location of Moisture in the wood substrate.

Most Moisture intrusion occurs around windows, doors and any flashing. In many cases the Moisture intrusion is directly related to poor installation practices.

How can i find Moisture in the substrate or frame of the house.

The most effective way to check for Moisture in the substrate or frame is to us our 21-E electrode with 6" penetration pins. This method allows you to locate Moisture behind the EIFS without it having to be torn away.

Delmhorst Moisture Meters are well known for their ruggedness and ability to withstand years of rough handling. Like any testing instrument, a little care goes a long way toward trouble-free service:

• Store the Meter in clean, dry place
• Change batteries and pins as needed
• Keep the Meter and electrode clean by using any biodegradable cleanser sparingly on external parts only.

If you have any doubt about the working condition of your Meter, send it to Delmhorst. We can repair and re-calibrate your instrument to its original standards and return it to you quickly.

Structurally sound and beautiful in appearance, wood is the ideal raw material. Flooring professionals know that Moisture content is the single most important factor affecting the quality of a wood flooring installation.

To ensure quality from the manufacturer to the final installation, Delmhorst offers a full range of Moisture Meters that help minimize defects such as shrinkage, cracks, and splits. Years of experience, high-tech tools and controls, and premium grade wood cannot make a difference if Moisture content goes unchecked.

There are two types of Moisture Meters typically used in the flooring industry. Pin-type Meters, which utilize the principle of electrical resistance, use wood or other hygroscopic materials as an element in a circuit by driving two pins or electrodes into it.

Pinless Meters use radio frequency signals to penetrate the material being tested. There is no pin intrusion into the surface of the material you are checking.

To quickly identify wet areas in floors, pinless Meters are easy to use. They offer the convenience of testing a large area quickly, and help you determine if further testing is required in certain spots. A pinless Meter may also be used to determine if water-born finishes are dry and ready for a second application.

A pin type Meter, on the other hand, is the best way to identify the exact location of Moisture in sub-floors. The key to finding hidden Moisture is to use an electrode with insulated contact pins. These pins read only at their un-insulated pin tips, allowing the contractor to drive the pins into the floor and through to the sub-floor, noting readings at each level of penetration.

Flooring strips or planks - and the sub-floor - should be brought to equilibrium before installation. Best results are obtained when the wood sub-floor is within 4% MC of the flooring, maximum.

If the floor is on concrete, especially a slab on grade, the challenge is to be sure that the slab is dry and not likely to pick up Moisture later on. Please refer to the Operating Instructions section under PRODUCT SUPPORT for more info.

Because the exact makeup of concrete is usually unknown, it is virtually impossible to provide a %MC calibration. Delmhorst Moisture Meters feature a 0-100 reference scale that provides “dry to wet” indications of the presence of Moisture. Factors that affect concrete Moisture readings include it's mix ratio and type, voids, and depth that the pin penetrates.

In cold and/or dry climates, static charges may cause erratic Meter readings in the range below 8 percent. Measuring such high resistance under these conditions is difficult enough, but the winter months can make it more so. The analog Meter pointer "jumps" all over the scale or the digital display may flash erratic numbers. To minimize the effect of static:

• Try not to let the electrode cable dangle.
• Drive the electrode pins into the wood with the Meter turned off, and then turn the Meter on when you are ready to take the reading.
• After driving the pins, place your hands next to them on each side of the electrode to help discharge the static from the board.
• You can also try passing a damp cloth over the board's surface to pick up any static charges before driving the pins.

These suggestions are not guaranteed. However, depending on the conditions, any one of them can work, either alone or in combination with another.

Board width is not a limiting factor when using a pin type Moisture Meter. As long as the pins make good contact, the Meter can be used on anything from small dowels to wide planks.

For accurate results with a pinless Meter, the material you're testing must be at least the width of the scanning area on the bottom of the Meter. Otherwise the Meter will not make firm contact with the board and may provide inconsistent, unreliable readings.

With a pin-type Meter, these conditions are not a problem. Just drive the pins as you would normally, insuring firm, positive contact and detect unknown gradients.

Pinless Meters, however, need firm contact to a flat surface so their readings on uneven surfaces may be unreliable.

In order to find this out, you must use a pin type Meter with insulated contact pins. First, take several readings in the layer just below the surface; then make a series of core readings, closer to the center of the board thickness. After you have noted these readings, hammer the pins through the flooring material until you make contact with the sub floor.

If your readings throughout this process are uniform, then there is not a Moisture problem. If readings increase as you go further into the floor, and again in the sub floor, this indicates that the sub floor is a source of Moisture.

After Moisture content and a Moisture gradient, if one exists, wood temperature is the most important factor affecting the accuracy of your readings. As wood temperature increases its electrical resistance decreases and indicated Moisture content rises. The lower the temperature, the lower the indicated Moisture content. Depending on the temperature and Moisture content, you may have to make a correction.

In most cases, no. To verify this, use insulated pin to make individual tests by touching the outer ply, glue lines, and center plys. If the glue reads the same as wood, use the Meter on plywood as you would any solid material and take the readings at face value, without species correction.

Delmhorst moisture meters are well known for their ruggedness and ability to withstand years of rough handling. Like any testing instrument, a little care goes a long way toward trouble-free service:

• Store the meter in clean, dry place
• Change batteries and pins as needed
• Keep the meter and electrode clean by using any biodegradable cleanser sparingly on external parts only.

If you have any further questions on using a moisture meter for flooring applications